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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED LINGUISTICS
Investigations into the application of foreign language to mediate psychological activity have produced
contradictory results. The present paper reports two experiments designed to examine the influence of L1 and L2
on cognitive regulation and private speech production. Results indicate the important role that L1 plays in
cognitive reasoning of the participants. Advanced participants, however, had significantly better performance
when they used L2 for mental activity. The language used for self-regulation though, did not seem to relate to the
amount of private speech produced. More proficient participants, on the other hand, seemed to produce
qualitatively different kinds of L2 private speech. These findings indicate that it is necessary to consider quality,
not just quantity, when studying constructs such as cognitive regulation, private speech production and the
relations between them. In addition, findings have important practical implications for both language learners and
instructors in creating more constructive language learning environments.
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