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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED LINGUISTICS
Abstract
This paper elucidates the articulated proposals for the initial stages of adult third language (L3)
syntactic transfer, addressing their application for L3 and the subsequent fourth language (L4)
acquisition. The study was set to demonstrate empirical evidence in line with or against the tenets of
the models and to indicate if and how syntactic transfer might obtain differently depending on the
language being acquired– L3 vs. L4. The models to be tested were Full Transfer/Full Access
(FT/FA), L2 Status Factor Hypothesis (LSFH), Cumulative Enhancement Model (CEM) and
Typological Primacy Model (TPM). Following a principles and parameters framework, six
parameters were selected to generate several language pairings and an adult female’s L3 Italian and
L4 German’s early spontaneous productions of the selected features were audio-recorded. The
accuracy levels with which the features were produced in tandem with the results of error analyses
violated the positions of FT/FA as considered for L3/s acquisition and CEM and consistently
identified Typological proximity and L2 status as affecting syntactic transfer during the early stages
multilingual acquisition.
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