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WASHBACK OF ENGLISH NATIONAL EXAMINATION IN THE INDONESIAN CONTEXT
This study examines how teachers teach English to prepare students
for high-stakes English national examination in the Indonesian context.
Data were collected from two high-achieving and three low-achieving
schools with eleven teachers as the subjects of in-depth interviews and nonparticipatory
classroom observations. The findings reveal that bi-directional
washback was found in both groups of schools. The schools of low achievers
were found to have more intensive negative washback than those of high
achievers. The different intensity of negative washback is likely related to the
teachers’ perspective about their students’ level of competence for passing
the national examination and about the quality of their schools. The consistently
unsatisfactory national examination scores of the low-achieving
schools, despite their concerted efforts in the examination preparation program,
suggest that the government should focus on supporting such schools
with more empirically-based empowerment programs, which would become
an indispensable follow-up actions regarding the implementation of the highstakes
national examination.
Keywords: English national examination, washback, high-achieving schools,
low-achieving schools, Indonesia
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