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Talk in Action
This book is about the workings of language and interaction in the everyday life of institutions.
It arose from our long-standing conviction that, while it was all but ignored in conventional
analyses of occupational worlds, professions, and organizational environments, the
study of interaction had much to offer to the analysis of these domains of social life.
Accordingly, in the early 1990s we decided to start a seminar that applied the emerging findings
of conversation analysis to occupational environments of various kinds. At that time, studies
of this sort were few and far between, and concentrated in a limited range of domains, notably
courtroom interaction, 911 emergency, and mass communication. Our seminar was correspondingly
small, attracting perhaps a dozen intrepid participants.
Since that time, the field has expanded dramatically. Conversation analytic (CA) research,
once all but absent from the doctor’s office, has now become an established presence in the
field of medicine, where it is used to examine everything from genetic counseling to surgery.
It has also colonized the world of business, from business meetings and decision making to,
perhaps especially, the examination of technology-in-use. In education, CA has advanced
from classroom lessons to embrace more far-flung enterprises such as one-on-one pedagogy,
disciplinary hearings, and parent–teacher conferences. In the socio-legal area, a focus on
formal trials has given way to a more differentiated range of studies encompassing the
more informal legal proceedings such as mediation, arbitration, and plea bargaining. The
study of 911 emergency has broadened to embrace an ever-widening array of help lines
and support services. Mass media research has exhibited a similar diversification, with the
initial news interview research joined by studies of campaign debates, radio call-in shows,
and talk shows of various stripes. This growth and diversification is not confined to the
English-speaking world; it is a world-wide phenomenon embracing many languages and
diverse cultures.
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