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Translating and Interpreting Conflict
The notion of ‘conflict’ is part and parcel of contemporary discourse on
translation and interpreting, wherein debates are frequently couched in terms
of dichotomies, tensions and cultural differences, or conflicting allegiances.
Perhaps the most persistent form of tension is that illustrated by the “general
conflict between source-focused and target-focused approaches” (Pym 1995:
594), but the representation of translation itself as an aggressive act (Steiner
1975), or even as a violent one (Venuti 1995) is also a familiar theme.
Descriptive and systemic approaches to translation (Even-Zohar 1990;
Hermans 1985, 1994; Toury 1995) highlighted and contextualised the role
played by translation in cultural dynamics, and emphasis on institutional and
ideological factors was further pursued by the so-called ‘cultural turn’ of
translation studies (Lefevere 1992; Bassnett and Lefevere 1998). More
recently postcolonial approaches to translation (see Robinson 1997) have
interrogated the role of translation in the construction and dislocation of
empires. The institutional role that interlingual mediation plays in relations of
power and in the construction of identities, potentially “figure[s] in ethnic
discrimination, geopolitical confrontations, colonialism, terrorism, war…”
(Venuti 1995: 18-19).
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